Unit 13 Present Perfect (I have done) 1

1. Study this example situation:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
He has lost his key.
'He has lost his key' means that he lost it a short time ago and he still hasn't got it.
This is the present perfect (simple) tense:
I/we/they have (=I've etc.) lost
he/she has (=he's etc.) lost

I (etc.) haven't lost.
He/she hasn't lost

Have you (etc)lost
Has you (etc)lost

We form the present perfect with have/has + the past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed (opened, decided) but many important verbs are irregular (lost, written, done etc.). See this.

2. When we use the present perfect there is a connection with the present:

I've lost my key. (= I haven't got it now.)
Jim has gone to Canada. (= He is in Canada or on his way there now.)
Oh dear, I've forgotten her name. (= I can't remember it now.)
Have you washed your hair? (=Is it clean now?)

3. We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening.

I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
Do you know about Jim? He's gone to Canada.
Ow! I've burnt myself.

You can use the present perfect with just (= a short time ago):

'Would you like something to it?' 'No, thank. I've just had lunch.
Hello, have you just arrived?

You can use the present perfect with already to say that something has happened sooner expected:

'Don't forget to post the letter, will you?' 'I've already posted it.'
'When is Tom going to start his new job?' 'He has already started."

4. Study the difference between gone to and been to:

Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Italy. (=She is there now or she is on her way there.)
Tom is back in England now. He has been to Italy. (=He was there but now he has come back.)

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